PLANAVSKY

Noah Planavsky

Professor of Earth & Planetary Sciences
Earth & Planetary Sciences

Bio

Website

I am an isotope geochemist that works on environmental change in Earth’s past, present, and future.  My work combines field studies, analytical chemistry, novel isotope systems, and geochemical modeling. I have worked extensively on atmospheric evolution—particularly on changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations. Current projects focus on changes in ocean oxygen levels, tracking how primary productivity has changed through time, and on the potential for carbon capture through enhanced mineral weathering in marine and terrestrial environments. 

Please contact me if you are interested in joining the research group. 

Research Lab- Yale Geochemistry Center

The Planavsky lab group is generally interested in silicate weathering processes and their implications as well as the co-evolution of life, climate, and nutrient cycling. We have group members exploring a range of novel topics from verification of carbon capture from enhanced silicate weathering as well as its implications for soil chemistry and other greenhouse gas fluxes, to using stable isotopes to reconstruct past ocean and atmospheric elemental cycling.

Courses

Paleoenvironments

Geoscience Writing

Earth Surface Processes

Global Biogeochemical Cycles Through Time

Lab Group

Dr. Jiuyuan Wang

Agouron Postdoctoral Fellow
Jiuyuan Wang is an isotope geochemist. He is broadly interested in sedimentary geochemistry and geobiology, with particular focus on the co-evolution of life and environment, climate and its feedbacks on seawater chemistry, as well as the fundamental behaviors of isotope systems. He is working on the MRV of the enhanced weathering technique in the group.

Dr. Mojtaba Fakhree

Postdoctoral researcher

Research Interests:

1) Interaction between life and Earth’s surface processes

2) Global carbon cycle

3) Carbon capture

https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Jc7oS_4AAAAJ&hl=en

Dr. Tim Jesper Suhrhoff

Postdoctoral Fellow

I study how rocks break down naturally and how we can speed it up to suck more CO2 out of the air. I use fancy isotope stuff to see how rocks behaved during ancient climate changes. Right now, I’m playing with soil, water, and models to see how much CO2 we can trap in our enhanced weathering experiments. 

https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=zEWt5isAAAAJ&hl=en

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7934-7159

Dr. Ella Holme

Research Scientist 

Research Interests:

  • Experimental geochemistry
  • Kinetics of enhanced mineral weathering reactions
  • Physical and chemical evolution of rock during enhanced weathering
  • Theoretical and experimental limits of carbon capture in natural waters

Brian Beaty

PhD candidate

I am broadly interested in the coevolution of life, climate, and chemical cycles across Earth history, and how the geochemical composition of sedimentary rocks captures these dynamics. Current projects include reconstruction changes in ocean pH across ancient global warming events with boron isotopes, as well as changes in chemical weathering on land with lithium isotopes.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brian-Beaty

Tom Reershemius

PhD candidate

My work focuses mostly on carbon dioxide removal through enhanced rock weathering (ERW). I use trace metal analysis and other geochemical tools to track mineral weathering rates in laboratory and field experiments, and look at how this impacts ERW as a viable negative emissions technology. More broadly, I’m interested in examining questions about the interplay of the carbon cycle, oxygenation and climate change through Earth history.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tom-Reershemius

Jingjun Liu

PhD candidate

As an astrobiologist, I am interested in the co-evolution of life on Earth and Earth’s atmosphere, particularly in the Precambrian. For the past 3 years, I have been developing a new isotopic photochemical model, a new conceptual paradign and a new proxy for the triple oxygen isotope system, the best system we have to track the Precambrian pO2 and pCO2 due to its mass independent nature. I am currently also working on publishing our major discovery onto a mechanism of Nature that could shape the evolution of surface life for more than 3 billion years. 

https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=zh-CN&user=4TCkIcgAAAAJ

Isabella Chiaravalloti

PhD student

Research Interests:

1) Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions with enhanced mineral weathering

2) Methods development and application of triple oxygen isotope measurements in phosphate minerals

Ayesha A. Ahmed

PhD student

Enhanced mineral weathering (wollastonite) in agricultural and forest ecosystems.

Chloe Kent

PhD student

Noemma Olagaray

Postbaccalaureate Researcher

I am working with the team executing the USDA grant given to the YCNCC to deploy pilot projects of Enhanced Rock Weathering on agricultural fields. I am broadly interested in the MRV of ERW, policy surrounding CDR, and how to sustainably scale CDR technologies.

Sophie Spiegal

Postbaccalaureate Researcher

Marya Matlin-Wainer

Postgraduate associate

My research interests are: carbon dioxide removal and verification, specifically in agricultural settings.

Gavi Welbel

Research Assistant 

I’m interested in approaches to land management that mitigate climate change, increase resilience, and support ecosystem health. My research is focused on enhanced mineral weathering in agricultural settings, and specifically focused on field trials based at Zumwalt Acres.

Benjamin Mousseau

Undergraduate research assistant

Benj just joined the group in January 2023 and is super excited to be helping out! He is supporting the wastewater treatment plant carbon capture project by helping to characterize particle size distributions in the powdered-up rocks that will be dissolved in the wastewater.

Contact Info

noah.planavsky@yale.edu

+1(203) 432-9043

Address: 210 Whitney Ave., New Haven CT 06511

BA, Lawrence University,

PhD, University of California, Riverside

Postdoctoral work California Institute of Technology

Publications

109. Lechte, ML, Malcolm, WW,  Hood, AVS, Planavsky, NJ, accepted, Cryogenian iron formations in the glaciogenic Kingston Peak Formation, California. Precambrian Research.

108. Ossa Ossa, F, Eickmann, B, Hofmann, A,  Planavsky,  NJ, Asael, D,  Pambo, F, Bekker, A, 2018, Two-step deoxygenation at the end of the Paleoproterozoic Lomagundi Event. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 486. 70-83.

107. Wang, X, Planavsky, NJ, Hofmann, A, De Corte, BP, Saupe, EE, Philippot, P, LaLonde, SV, Jemison, N, Zou, H, Ossa Ossa, F, Rybacki, K, Larson, MJ, Tsikos, H, Fralick, PW, Reinhard, CT, Johnson, TM, Knudsen, AC, Konhauser, KO, in review, Uranium Isotope Evidence for Oxygenic Photosynthesis Three Billion Years Ago. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta.

106. Planavsky, NJ, 2018, From Orogenies to Oxygen. Nature Geoscience.11, 9-11.

105. Planavsky, NJ, Slack, JF, Cannon, WF, O’Connell, B, Terry-Tang, Y, Asael, D, Jackson, JC, Hardisty, DS, Lyons, TW, Bekker, A, in press, Evidence for episodic oxygenation in a weakly redox buffered deep mid-Proterozoic ocean. Chemical Geology.

104. Li, Z, Zhang, LC, Zheng, MT, Zhu, MT, Robbins, LJ, Planavsky, NJ, Konhauser, KO, in review, Iron-rich chemical sediments imply ferruginous conditions in early Cambrian ocean. Nature Geoscience.

103. Bellefroid, EJ, Planavsky, NJ, Hood, AvS. Halverson, GP, Spokas, K, in review, Shallow water redox conditions of the Mid-Proterozoic Muskwa Assemblage, British Columbia, Canada. American Journal of Science.

102. Zhao, M, Planavsky, NJ, Wei, G, Gong, Z, Oehlert, A, in review, Revisiting the effects of meteoric and mixing zone carbonate diagenesis with a two-dimensional reactive transport model. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta.

101. Diamond, CW, Planavsky, NJ, Wang, C, Lyons, TW, in press, What mid-Proterozoic shales can and cannot tell us about the mid-Proterozoic ocean. Geobiology.  

100. Terry-Tang, YS, Love, GD, Zumberge, A, Reinhard, CT, Dupont, CL, Asael, D, Rooney, AD, Gill, BC, Rainbird, RH, McCrow, JP, Lyons, TW, Planavsky, NJ, in review, Tracking the Rise of Eukaryotes to Ecological Dominance with Zinc Isotopes. Geobiology.

99. Zhang, S, Planavsky, NJ, Krause, AJ, Mills, BJW, in review, Low atmospheric oxygen levels during the early Paleozoic. American Journal of Science.

98. Terry-Tang, YS, Planavsky, NJ, in revision, On reverse weathering, climate stability, and cooling, Nature.

97. Colleps, C, McKenzie, R, Stockli, S, Hughes, N,  Singh, B, Webb, A, Myrow, P, Planavsky, NJ, Horton, B, 2018, Zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronometric constraints on Himalayan thrust belt exhumation, bedrock weathering, and Cenozoic seawater chemistry, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 19, 257–271.

96. Hardisty, DS, Lyons, TW, Riedinger, N, Owens, JD, Aller, RC, Rye, D, Planavsky, NJ, Reinhard, CT, Gill, BC, Masterson, AL, Asael, D, Johnston, DT, in review, New insights from the FOAM site, Long Island Sound, U.S.A: Considerations of Fe, Mo, and S geochemistry for estimations of pore fluid paleoredox. American Journal of Science.

95. Konhauser, KO, Robbins, LJ, Alessi, DS, Flynn, SL, Gingras, MK, Martinez, PE, Kappler, A, Swanner, ED, Yi-Liang Li, YL Crowe, SA, Planavsky, NJ, Reinhard, CT, Lalonde, SV, in press, Phytoplankton contributions to the trace element composition of Precambrian banded iron formation. GSA Bulletin.

94. Zhao, MY, Reinhard, CT, Planavsky, NJ, 2018, Terrestrial methane fluxes and Proterozoic climate. Geology. 46, 139-142.

93. Gaschnig, R, Reinhard, CT, Planavsky, NJ, Wang, X, Asael, D, Chauvel, C, 2018, The molybdenum isotope system as a tracer of slab input in subduction zones: An example from Martinique, Lesser Antilles arc. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 18, 4674–4689.

92. Reinhard, CT, Planavsky, NJ, in review, Nutrient cycling and the evolution of planetary biospheres. Nature Geoscience.

91. Cole, D.B., O’Connell, B, Planavsky, NJ, in review, Authigenic chromium enrichments in Proterozoic ironstones. Sedimentary Research.

90. Bauer, KW, Cole, DB, Francois, R, Poulton, SW, Planavsky, NJ, Crowe, SA, in review, Oxidative diagenesis fractionates chromium isotopes in hydrothermal sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta.

89. Zhang, S, Planavsky, NJ, in revision, The silicate weathering feedback from 52 to 42 Ma. American Journal of Science.

88. Hood, Av.S, Planavsky, NJ, Wallace, MW, Wang, X, in revision, Sedimentary carbonates as paleoredox proxies through diagenesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta.

87. Crockford, P, Hayles, J, Bao, H, Planavsky, NJ Bekker, A, Frallick, PW Halverson, GP, Bui, TH and Wing, BA, in revision, Limited primary production sustained low mid-Proterozoic oxygen levels. Nature.

86. Bauer, KW, Gueguen, B., Cole, DB, Kallmeyer, J., Francois, R, Planavsky, NJ, Crowe, SA, 2018, Chromium isotope fractionation in ferruginous sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 223, 198-215.

85. Cole, DB, Wang, X, Qin, L, Reinhard, CT, Planavsky, NJ, 2017, Chromium isotopes. in Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, ed. White, W.

84. Raiswell, R, Hardisty, DS, Lyons, TW, Canfield, DE, Owens, JD, Planavsky, NJ, Poulton, SW, Reinhard, CT, in revision, The iron paleoredox proxies: A guide to proper practice, pitfalls, and problems. American Journal of Science.

83. Liu, K, Feng, Q, Shen, J, Planavsky, NJ, Khan, MZ, 2017, Increased productivity as a primary driver of marine anoxia in the Lower Cambrian. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 419, 1-9.

82. Hardisty, DS, Lu, Z, Bekker, A, Diamond, CW, Gill, BC, Jiang, G, Kah, LC, Knoll, AH, Loyd, SJ, Osburn, MR, Planavsky, NJ, Wang, C, Zhou, X, Lyons, TW, 2017, Perspectives on Proterozoic surface ocean redox from iodine contents in ancient and recent carbonate. 463, 159-170.

81. Cole, D.B., Zhang, S., Planavsky, NJ, 2017, A New estimate of detrital redox-sensitive metal concentrations and variability in marine sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 215, 337-353.

80. Tarhan, LG, Planavsky, NJ, Wang, X, Bellefroid, EJ, Droser, ML, Gehling, JG, 2017, Late-stage ‘Ferruginization’ of the Ediacara Member (Rawnsley Quartzite, South Australia): Insights from uranium isotopes, Geobiology. doi: 10.1111/gbi.12262.

79. Stueken, EE, Bellefroid, EJ, Prave, A., Aseal, D., Planavsky, NJ, Lyons, TW, 2017, Not so non-

marine? Revisiting the Torridonian Supergroup. Geochemical Perspectives Letters. vol 3, no. 2, pp.

221-229.

78. Planavsky, NJ, Busingy, V. 2018, Iron isotopes, in Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, ed. White, W.

77. McCoy, T., Planavsky, NJ, Asael, D, 2017, Iron isotopes in a high-oxygen, low-sulfate

environment: implications for interpreting Archean sedimentary iron isotope excursions. Geobiology.

vol 15, no. 5, pp. 619–627.

76.  Li, C, Jin, C, Algeo, TJ, Planavsky, NJ, Cheng, M, Yang, X, Zhao, Y, Xie, S. 2017, Coupled oceanic oxygenation and metazoan diversification during the early–middle Cambrian? Geology. pp.G39208-1.

75. Wang X, Planavsky, NJ, Hull, PM, Tripati, AE, Zou, H, Elder, L, Henehan, M, 2017, Chromium isotopic composition of core-top planktonic foraminifera. Geobiology. 15, 51-64.

74. Konhauser, KO, Planavsky, NJ, Hardisty, D, Robbins, L, Warchola, T, Haugaard, R, Lalonde, S, Partin, C, Paul Oonk, P, Tsikos, H,  Lyons, TW, Bekker, A, Johnson, C, 2017, Iron formations: A record of Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic Environmental History. Earth Science Reviews. vol. 172 pp. 140-177.

73. Stüeken, EE, Buick, R, Planavsky, NJ, Lyons, TW, 2017, Environmental niches and biodiversity in Neoarchean lakes. Geobiology. 15, 767-783.

72. Wallace, MW, Hood, AV, Shuster, A, Planavsky, NJ, Greig, AJ, 2017, Oxygenation history of the Neoproterozoic to early Phanerozoic and the rise of land plants, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 466, 12-19.

71. Wu W., Wang, X. Reinhard, C.T., Planavsky, NJ, 2017, Chromium isotope systematics in temperate weathering environments: A case study of the Connecticut River System. Chemical Geology, 456, 98–111.

70. Louyakis, AS, Mobberley, JM, Vitek, B, Hagan, PD, Reid, RP, Planavsky, NJ, Kozdon, R, Orland, I, Valley, JW, Visscher, PT, Casaburi, G, Foster, JS, 2017, Spatial heterogeneity of thrombolites using molecular, biochemical, and stable isotope analyses. Astrobiology, 17, 413-430.

69. Zhang, S, Henehan, M, Hood, A, Hardisty, D, Reid, RP, Hull, P, Planavsky, NJ, 2017, Investigating controls on boron isotope ratios in shallow marine carbonates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 458, 380–393.

68. Fralick, P, Planavsky, NJ, Burton, J, Addison, B, Barrett, T, Brumpton, G, Jarvis, I, 2017, Geochemistry of Paleoproterozoic Gunflint Formation carbonate: implications for hydrosphere-atmosphere evolution. Precambrian Research. 290, 126–146.

67. Korenaga, J, Planavsky, NJ, Evans, DAD, 2017, Global water cycle and the coevolution of Earth’s interior and surface environment. Philosophical Transactions A. 375(2094).

66. Reinhard, CT*, Planavsky, NJ*, Gill, BC, Ozaki, K, Robbins, LJ, Lyons, TW, Fischer, WW, Wang, C, Cole, DB, Konhauser, KO, 2017, Evolution of the global phosphorous cycle. Nature. 541, 386–389.

*Equal-contribution authors

65. Hanberg, JS, Rao, V, ter Maaten, JM, Laur, O, Brisco, MA, Wilson, FP, Grodin, JL, Assefa, M, Broughton, JS, Planavsky, NJ, Ahmad, T, Bellumkonda, L, Tang, WHW, Parikh, CR, Testani, JM. 2016, Hypochloremia and Diuretic Resistance in Heart Failure. Circulation: Heart Failure. 9, 003180.

64. Busigny, V, Jézéquel, D, Cosmidis, J, Viollier, E, Benzerara, K, Planavsky, NJ, Albéric, P, Lebeau, O, Sarazin, G, Michard, G, 2016, The Iron Wheel in Lac Pavin: Interaction with Phosphorus Cycle, in Lake Pavin. eds. Sime-Ngando, T., et al., Springer, pp.  205-220.

63. Planavsky, NJ, Cole, DB, Reinhard, CT, Zhang, S, Diamond, C, Love, GL, Konhauser, K, Lyons, TW, 2016, No evidence for high atmospheric oxygen levels 1400 million years ago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113, 2550–2551.

62. Hood, AvS, Planavsky, NJ, Wallace, MW, Wang, X, Bellefroid, E, Gueguen, B, Cole, DB, 2016, Integrated geochemical-petrographic insights from component-selective δ238U of Cryogenian marine carbonates. Geology. 44, 951-954.

61. Sahoo, SK, Planavsky, NJ, Jiang, GQ, Kendall, B, Owens, JG, Wang, XQ, Shi, XY, Anbar, AD, and Lyons, TW, 2016, Oceanic oxygenation events (OOEs) in the anoxic Ediacaran ocean. Geobiology. 14, 457–468.

60. Hardisty, DS, Riedinger, N, Planavsky, NJ, Asael, D, Andrén, T, Jørgensen, BB, Lyons, TW, 2016, A Holocene history of dynamic water column redox conditions in the Landsort Deep, Baltic Sea. American Journal of Science. 316, 713-745.

59. Suosaari, EP, Reid, RP, Playford, PE, Foster, JS, Stolz, JF, Casaburi, G, Hagan, PD, Chirayath, V, Macintyre, IG, Planavsky, NJ, Eberli, GP, 2016, New multi-scale perspectives on the stromatolites of Shark Bay, Western Australia. Scientific Reports. 6.

58. Anderson, R, Tarhan. LG, Cummings, K, Planavsky, NJ, Bjørnerud, M, 2016, Macroscopic structures in the 1.1 Ga continental Copper Harbor Formation: Concretions or fossils? Palaios. 31, 327-338.

57. Reinhard, CT, Planavsky, NJ, Olson, SL, Lyons, TW, Erwin, DH, 2016, Causal relationships between earth’s oxygen cycle and the evolution of metazoan life. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113, 8933–8938.

56. Cole, DB, Reinhard, CT, Wang, X, Gueguen, B, Halverson, GP, Lyons, TW, Planavsky, NJ, 2016, A shale-hosted Cr isotope record of low atmospheric oxygen during the Proterozoic. Geology. 44, 555-558.

55. Robbins, L.J., Lalonde, S.V., Planavsky, N.J., Partin, C.A., Reinhard, C.T., Kendall, B., Scott, C., Hardisty, D.S., Gill, B.C., Alessi, D.S. and Dupont, C.L., 2016. Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution. Earth-Science Reviews.

54. Gueguen, B, Reinhard, CT Algeo, TJ, Peterson, LC, Nielsen, SG, Wang, X, Planavsky, NJ. 2016. The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 184, 1-19.

53. Jin, C, Li, C, Algeo, TJ, Planavsky, NJ, Cui, H, Yang, X, Zhao, Y, Zhang, X, Xie, S, 2016, A highly redox-heterogeneous ocean in South China during the early Cambrian (~529-514 Ma): Implications for biota-environment co-evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 441, 38-51.

52. McKenzie, NR, Horton, BK, Loomis, SE, Stockli, DF, Planavsky, NJ, Lee, CTA, 2016, Continental arc volcanism as the principal driver of icehouse–greenhouse variability. Science. 352, 444-447.

51. Shen, J, Feng, Q, Algeo, TJ, Li, C, Planavsky, NJ, Zhou, L, Zhang, M, 2016, Two pulses of oceanic environmental disturbance during the Permian–Triassic boundary crisis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 443, 139-152.

50. Wang X., Planavsky NJ, Reinhard CT, Hein JR, Johnson TM, 2016, Cenozoic seawater U isotopic composition recorded in ferromanganese crusts. American Journal of Science. 316, 64-83  

49. Wang X., Planavsky NJ, Reinhard CT, Zou H., Ague J, Wu Y, Peucker-Ehrenbrink B. 2016, Chromium isotope effects associated with high temperature metamorphism, black shale weathering and hydrothermal alteration. Chemical Geology. 423, 19–33.

48. Wang, X, Reinhard, CT, Planavsky, NJ, Owens, JD, Lyons, TW, Johnson, TM, 2016, The chromium isotope system tracks bottom-water redox across the Cretaceous OAE2 at Demerara rise site 1258. Chemical Geology. 429, 85–92.

47. Planavsky, NJ, Tarhan, LG, Bellefroid, EJ, Evans, DA, Reinhard, CT, Love, GD, Lyons, TW, 2015, Late Proterozoic transitions in climate, oxygen, and tectonics, and the rise of complex life. In: Earth-Life Transitions: Paleobiology in the Context of Earth System Evolution. The Paleontological Society Papers, Volume 21, P. David Polly, Jason J. Head, and David L. Fox (eds.). Yale University Press, New Haven.

46. Li, C, Planavsky, NJ, Shi, W., Zhang, Z., Zhou, C, Cheng, Luo, G, and Xie, S, 2015, Ediacaran Marine Redox Heterogeneity and Early Animal Ecosystems. Scientific Reports. 5, 17097.

45. Partin, CA, Bekker, A., Planavsky, NJ, Lyons, TW, 2015, Euxinic conditions recorded in the ca. 1.93 Ga Bravo Lake Formation, Nunavut (Canada): Implications for oceanic redox evolution. Chemical Geology. 417, 148–162.

44. Tarhan, LG, Droser, M, Planavsky, NJ, Johnston, D, 2015, Protracted development of the sediment mixed layer, Nature Geoscience. 8, 865–869.

43. Thompson, D, Rainbird, RH, Planavsky, NJ, Lyons, TW, Bekker, A, 2015, Chemostratigraphy of the Shaler Supergroup, Victoria Island, NW Canada: record of ocean composition prior to the break-up of Rodinia. Precambrian Research, 263, 232-245.

42. Youm, YH, Nguyen, KY,  Grant, R, Goldberg, E,  Bodogai, E, Kim, D, D’Agostino, D, Planavsky, NJ, Lupfer, C, Kanneganti, TD, Horvath, T, Fahmy, T, Crawford, P, Biragyn, A, Alnemri, E, Dixit, VD, 2015, Ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease. Nature Medicine. 21, 263–269.

41. Li, C, Planavsky, NJ, Love, G, Reinhard, CT Hardisty; D, Feng, L, Bates, L, Huang, J, Zhang, Q, Chu, X, Lyons, TW, 2015, Ferruginous marine conditions and low oxidant concentrations in Middle Proterozoic oceans: Insights from a geochemical investigation of the Chuanlinggou Formation, Yanshan Basin, North China, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 150, 90-105.

40. Planavsky, NJ, 2014. The elements of marine life. Nature Geoscience, 7, 855–856.

39. Planavsky, NJ*, Reinhard, CT*, Wang, X, McGoldrick, P, Thompson, D, Rainbird, RH, Fischer, W, Johnson, TM, Lyons, TW, 2014, Low Mid-Proterozoic Atmospheric Oxygen Levels and the Delayed Rise of Animals. Science. 346, 635-638.

*Equal contribution authors

38. Castro-Contreras, SI, Gingras, MR, Pecoits, E, Aubet, NR, Petrash, D, Castro-Contreras, SM, Planavsky, NJ, Konhauser, KO, 2014, Textural and geochemical features of freshwater microbialites from Laguna Bacalar, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Palaios. 29, 192-209

37. Reinhard, CT, Planavsky, NJ, Wang, X, Johnson, T, Fischer, WW, Lyons, TW, 2014, The isotopic composition of authigenic chromium in anoxic marine sediments: A case study from the Cariaco Basin. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 407, 9-18.

36. Busigny, V*, Planavsky, NJ* Jézéquel, D, Crowe, S, Louvat, P, Moureau, J. Viollier, E, Lyons, TW, 2014, Iron isotopes in an Archean ocean analogue, Geochimica et Cosmochimica, 133, 443-462.

*Equal contribution authors

35. McKenzie, NR, Hughes, NC, Myrow, PM, Banerjee, DM, Deb, M, Planavsky, NJ, 2014. Reply to comment on “New age constraints for the Proterozoic Aravalli-Delhi successions of India and their implications” by Melezhik et al. Precambrian Research, 246, 371-372.

34. Hardisty, DS, Lu, Z, Planavsky, NJ, Bekker, A, Zhou, X., Lyons TW, 2014, A Novel Iodine Record of Paleoproterozoic Surface Ocean Oxygenation. Geology, 42, 619-622.

33. Lyons, TW, Reinhard, CR, Planavsky, NJ, 2014, Evolution: A Fixed-Nitrogen Fix in the Early Ocean? Current Biology, 24, R277.

32. Planavsky, NJ, Asael, D, Hofmann, A, Reinhard, CT, Lalonde, SV, Wang, X, Knudsen, A, Ossa Ossa, F, Bekker, A, Johnson, TM, Lyons, TW, Rouxel, OJ, 2014, Evidence for Oxygenic Photosynthesis Half a Billion Years Before the Great Oxidation Event, Nature Geoscience. 7, 283–286.

31. Swanner, ED, Planavsky, NJ, Lalonde, SV, Robbins, LJ, Bekker, A, Rouxel, OJ, Kappler, A, Mojzsis, SJ, and Konhauser, KO, 2014, Cobalt and marine redox evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 390, 253–263.

30. Lyons, TW, Reinhard, CR, Planavsky, NJ, 2014, The early rise of oxygen in the ocean and atmosphere. Nature. 506, 307–31.

29. McKenzie, NR, Hughes, NC, Myrow, PM, Dhiraj, M, Banerjee, M, Deb, M, Planavsky, NJ, 2014, New detrital zircon age constraints on the Proterozoic Aravalli-Delhi successions of central India and their implications, Precambrian Research, 238, 120-128.

28. Scott, CT, Wing, BA, Bekker, A, Planavsky, NJ, Medvedev, P, Bates, SM, Yun, SM, Lyons, TW, 2013, Pyrite multiple-sulfur isotope evidence for rapid expansion and contraction of the early Paleoproterozoic seawater sulfate reservoir. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 389, 95-104

27. Partin, CA, Lalonde, SV, Planavsky, NJ, Bekker, A, Rouxel, OJ, Lyons, TW, Konhauser, KO, 2014, Uranium in iron formations and the rise of atmospheric oxygen. Chemical Geology, 362, 82-90.

26. Bekker, A, Planavsky, NJ, Krapež, B, Rasmussen, B, Hofmann, A, Slack, JF, Rouxel, OJ, Konhauser, K.O., 2014, Iron Formations: Their Origins and Implications for Ancient Seawater Chemistry, Treatise on Geochemistry. vol., 10.

25. Tarhan, LG, Planavsky, NJ, Reid, RP, 2013, Microbial mat control on infaunal abundance and diversity in modern marine microbialites, Geobiology. 11, 485-497.

24. Robbins, LJ, Lalonde, SV, Saito, M, Planavsky, NJ, Mloszewska, AM, Pecoits, E, Dupont, CL, Kappler, A, Konhauser, KO, 2013, Authigenic iron oxide proxies for marine Zinc over geological time and implications for eukaryotic metallome evolution, Geobiology, 11, 295-306.

23. Partin, C, Bekker, A, Planavsky, NJ, Gill, BG, Li, C, Podkovyrov, V, Maslov, A, Konhauser, KO, Lyons, TW, 2013, Large-scale fluctuations in Precambrian atmospheric and oceanic oxygen levels, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 369, 284–293.

22. Reinhard, CT, Planavsky, NJ, Robbins, LJ, Partin, C, Gill, GC, Lalonde, SV, Bekker, A, Konhauser, KO, Lyons, TW, 2013, Proterozoic ocean redox and evolutionary stasis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110, 5357-5363.

21. Reinhard, CR, Planavsky, NJ, Lyons, TW, 2013, Long-term sedimentary recycling of rare sulphur isotope anomalies and its significance for reconstructing atmospheric evolution, Nature. 497, 100-103.

20. Scott, CT, Planavsky, NJ, Dupont, CL, Kendall, B, Gill, B, Robbins. LJ, Bekker, A, Konhauser,

KO, Anbar, A, Lyons, TW, 2013, Bioavailability of zinc in marine systems

through time, Nature Geoscience. 6, 123-125.

19. Huang, J, Chu, X, Lyons, TW, Planavsky, NJ, Wen, H, in 2013, A new look at saponite formation and early animal records in the Ediacaran of South China, Geobiology, 11, 3-14.

18. Planavsky, NJ, Bekker, A, Hofmann, A, Lyons, TW, 2012, Sulfur record of rising and falling marine oxygen and sulfate levels during the Lomagundi event. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 45 18300-18305.

17. Bekker, A, Krapež, B, Slack, JF, Planavsky, NJ, Hofmann, A, Konhauser, KO, Rouxel, OJ, 2012, Iron Formation: The sedimentary product of a complex interplay among mantle, tectonic, oceanic, and biospheric processes—a reply. Economic Geology, 107, 379-380.

16. Sahoo, SW, Planavsky, NJ, Kendall, B, Wang, X, Shi, X, Scott, C, Anbar, AD, Lyons, TW, Jiang, G, 2012, Ocean oxygenation in the wake of the Marinoan glaciation. Nature, 489, 546–549.

15. Planavsky, NJ, Rouxel, OJ, Bekker, A, Little, C, Hoffman, A, Lyons, TW, 2012, The iron isotope composition of some Archean and Paleoproterozoic iron formations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 80, 158–169.

14. Konhauser, KO, Lalonde, SV, Planavsky, NJ, Pecoits, E, Lyons, TW, Mojzsis, SJ, Rouxel, OJ, Barley, ME, Bekker, A, 2011, Aerobic bacterial pyrite oxidation and acid rock drainage during the Great Oxidation Event. Nature, 478, 369–373.

13. Planavsky, NJ, McGoldrick, P, Scott, C, Li, C, Reinhard, CT, Kelly, A, Bekker, A, Love, G, Lyons, TW, 2011, Widespread Iron-rich Conditions in Mid-Proterozoic Oceans, Nature, 477, 448–451.

12. Reinhard, CR, Planavsky, NJ, 2011, Mineralogical constraints on Precambrian pCO2. Nature, 474, e3-4.

11. Planavsky, NJ, Partin, C, and Bekker, A, 2011, Carbon Isotopes as a Geochemical Tracer, In: Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Springer-Verlag, 1600 p., p. 249-253.

10. Planavsky, NJ, Rouxel, OJ, Bekker, A, Lalonde, SV, Konhauser, KO, Reinhard, CR, Lyons, TW, 2010, Evolution of marine phosphate concentrations. Nature 467, 1088–1090.

9. Planavsky, NJ, Bekker, A, Rouxel, OJ, Kamber, B, Knudsen, AH, Lyons, TW, 2010, The rare earth element and yttrium composition of Archean and Paleoproterozoic iron formations revisited: A new perspective on significance and mechanisms of iron formation deposition. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74, 6387-6405.

8. Bekker, A, Slack, JF, Planavsky, NJ, Krapež, B, Hofmann, A, Konhauser, KO, Rouxel, OJ, 2010, Iron Formation: The Sedimentary Product of a Complex Interplay Among Mantle, Tectonic, Oceanic, and Biospheric Processes. Economic Geology 105, 467-508. 

7. Planavsky, NJ, 2009, Early Neoproterozoic origin of the metazoan clade recorded in carbonate rock texture: Comment, Geology, 37, e195.

6. Planavsky, NJ, Reid, RP, Myshrall, KL, Lyons, TW, Vischer, PT, 2009, Formation and diagenesis of modern marine calcified cyanobacteria, Geobiology, 7, 566 – 576.

5. Grey, K, Planavsky, NJ, 2009, Microbialites of Lake Thetis, Cervantes, Western Australia—A Field Guide. Geological Survey of Western Australia Publication. Perth, Australia.

4. Planavsky, NJ, Rouxel, O, Bekker, A, Shapiro, RS, Fralick, PF, Knudsen, A, 2009, Iron-oxidizing microbial ecosystems thrived in Paleoproterozoic redox-stratified oceans. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 286, 230-242.

3. Planavsky, NJ, Ginsburg, RN, 2009, The Taphonomy of Modern Marine Bahamian Microbialites. Palaios, 24, 5-18.

2. Planavsky, NJ, Grey, K, 2008, Stromatolite branching in the Neoproterozoic of the Centralian Superbasin, Australia: an investigation into sedimentary and microbial control of stromatolite morphology. Geobiology, 6, 33-45.

1. Ginsburg, RN, Planavsky, NJ, 2008, Diversity of Bahamian stromatolite substrates. in, Links Between Geological Processes, Microbial Activities & Evolution of Life. pg. 177-195. eds., Dilek Y, Furnes  H, Muehlenbachs K. Springer academic press. Amsterdam.